After a five-year hiatus, South Africa and the European Union have resumed their high-level diplomatic dialogue. The 8th SA-EU Summit, held in Cape Town on March 13th, represents a bid to restore a partnership strained by geopolitical realignments and mutual frustrations, even as both parties navigate the fallout from erratic U.S. foreign policy under President Donald Trump.

The summit comes at a delicate moment. The EU, stung by Trump’s unilateral trade tariffs and wavering security guarantees, has sought to deepen ties with emerging economies, including South Africa. Simultaneously, South Africa, a member of the BRICS bloc alongside Russia and China, has faced criticism from Western allies for its failure to condemn Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.

In the face of these tensions, the meeting featured unusually warm rhetoric. Ursula von der Leyen, President of the European Commission, described the geopolitical moment as one requiring “strong partnerships” and assured South Africa, “Europe can count on you, and you can count on Europe.” President Cyril Ramaphosa reciprocated, emphasizing the EU’s role as a critical trade, investment, and development partner.

South Africa’s relationship with the EU has been both pivotal and contentious. The bloc remains its second-largest trading partner after China, but relations have been marked by mistrust. Critics within South Africa have accused the EU of using the country as a testing ground for its green energy transition, exemplified by a $9.3 billion climate finance pact aimed at reducing coal dependence. The U.S. recently pulled $1 billion in funding from this initiative, adding to the uncertainty surrounding the program.

The summit’s positive tone contrasts sharply with recent years when South African officials appeared ambivalent about EU overtures. European diplomats in Pretoria have long struggled to engage South African ministers, but recent months have seen what one described as “a thawing” in relations.

Part of this recalibration can be traced to Donald Trump’s erratic foreign policy. His administration froze aid to South Africa and falsely accused the government of orchestrating land seizures—claims rooted in racial politics rather than reality. Trump’s broader disdain for multilateralism, coupled with his imposition of punitive tariffs, has unsettled allies on both sides of the Atlantic.

For the EU, the retreat of American leadership has underscored the need for new alliances. For South Africa, alienation from Washington—exemplified by the absence of U.S. officials at recent G20 events—has reinforced the importance of maintaining ties with Europe.

South Africa’s unique status as the only African country with a formal strategic partnership agreement with the EU, established in 2007, underscores its importance to the bloc. However, this relationship has faltered since 2013, with summits suspended during Jacob Zuma’s presidency, a period marked by South Africa’s pivot toward BRICS and closer ties with Russia and China.

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